Even when the samples were analyzed separately, these variables were consistently related to greater resilience with optimism and mood clarity having the strongest relationships with resilience. With all samples combined, mindfulness, mood clarity, purpose in life, optimism, and active coping were related to greater resilience in both correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results were consistent with the temporal stage model in that the personal resources targeted at each stage were related to resilience. The participants were 844 adults who were part of six samples: (1) general college students ( n =259), (2) healthy adult women ( n = 51), (3) women with fibromyalgia ( n = 32), (4) cardiac patients ( n = 228), (5) first-generation college students ( n = 150), and (6) urban firefighters ( n = 123). The demographic characteristics assessed included age, gender, education, and income. The personal and social resources assessed included active coping, mindfulness, mood clarity, optimism, purpose in life, spirituality, positive relations with others, and social support. Several potential resilience resources were assessed based on a model of resilience that involves the three stages of confronting a stressor, orienting to a positive outcome, and actively coping with the stressor. The Brief Resilience Scale was used to assess resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress. The purpose of this chapter was to examine the relationship between potential resources for resilience and resilience itself.
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